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过去分词作定语
terrified people 惊慌失措的人们 affected person
astonished people polluted water
(1)意义:过去分词含有被动和完成的意思,不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成。
a broken heart a ploughed field a risen sun
(2)位置:单个的过去分词作定语时,通常放在所修饰词前;过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在后面,其作用相当于定语从句。
polluted water a broken glass
the student dressed in white=The student who is dressed in white
特别提示:有些词像left(剩下的), given(所给的), concerned(有关的)等,习惯上作后置定语,如
standing room left the people concerned 有关人士 the book given 所给的书籍
(3)当所修饰的词是由some/ any /nothing/nobody…所构成的不定代词或指示代词those等时,通常放在其后。如:
There has been nothing changed since I left Harbin two years ago.
区别:过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语
a.语态不同:现在分词表示主动,过去分词表被动. 如
surprising news surprised listeners an exciting movie excited children The teacher told his students a lot of interesting stories.
She is interested in Chinese.
b.时间关系上不同:现在分词表动作正在进行;过去分词表动作已经完成。如
the changing world 正在发生变化的世界 the changed world 已经改变了的世界 boiling water/ boiled water developing /developed countries
(4)过去分词作表语:
意义:用在系动词后面,构成系表结构,表示主语所处的状态。
she looked disappointed. We were encouraged at the news.
用于被动语态,表示主语所承受的动作。如
The book is well written. The lake is badly polluted.
少数不及物动词的过去分词也可以作表语,只有完成的意义,说明主语所处的状态。
The days are gone when people have a good time. The sun is set, let’s go home.
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相关链接:
人教版高三英语上册Unit1 Great scientists语法归纳
人教版高三英语上册Unit 1 Great scientists短语归纳
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