高一英语第一学期期末必备知识点：语法

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【语法专项复习】

在英语句子中，不同时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，要使用不同的动词形式，这一点和

汉语不同，这种谓语动词的变化形式，称之为时态。现将本学期我们所学的时态总结如下，

包括：现在完成时，现在完成进行时，过去完成时，将来进行时，过去将来时等。

一、现在完成时

1.动词形式

现在完成时由助动词 have (has) + 动词过去分词构成。

2.现在完成时的基本用法

1)表示过去某时所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响。动作已经完成，但从结果看，又着眼 于现在。现在完成时不能和表示具体的过去时间的状语 (如

yesterday, last year, in 1999 等) 连用， 而常和以下表示不确定时间的状语连用： already, before,

recently, never, often, lately, yet, sometimes, twice, this week (month,

morning, year 等),ever, today, once 等等。 Phillip has lost all his money.

(菲利浦失去了他所的钱。) I haven't heard from my parents recently. (最近我没有收到父母的来信。) Joan

hasn't finished reading my essay yet. (琼还没读完我的论文。) Have you had your supper yet?

(你吃过晚饭了吗?) I have never seen such a moving film. (我从来没看过这么有趣的电影。) I've had

enough now. (我已经吃[或喝]够了。)

2)表示动作或状态开始于过去某一时间，持续到现在，并且有延续下去的趋势。常和表示 一段时间的状语连用：since, for a long time,

up till now, up to now, so far, for the past (last) few years, these days

(months, years)等。 Bogart has worked here for about five years. (布加特已在这儿工作五年了。)

Up till now, Grace has received no news from her parents. (迄今为止，格雷丝尚未收到父母的 消息。)

Nancy has been away for four years. (兰西已经离开四年了。)

3)在时间状语和条件状语从句中，现在完成时表示将要完成的动作。 I'll start as soon as the rain has stopped.

(雨一停，我就出发。) I'll go and see my girl friend when I have finished writing this

book. (写完这本书之后，我就去 看我的女朋友。) When I have studied the book I'll write a report on

it. (我研读完这本书之后，将写一个关于它 的报告。)

4)现在完成时常用于下列句型：

(1)It has been (is) + 一段时间 + since…

It has been/is five years since he lived in Beijing. (他不住在北京已经五年了。) 注意比较：

It has been/is five years since he has lived in Beijing. (他住在北京已经五年了。)

(2)It is (will be) the first (second…)time (day …)… that… It is the first

time I've been here. (我是第一次来这儿。) It is the best film I've ever seen.

(这是我看过的最好的一部电影。)

注： 1)表示“到哪里去过”要用 have (has) been to， 表示“去什么地方了， 尚未回来”用 have(has) gone to。 I

have been to Paris several times. (我去过巴黎好几次。) (人已回来了) Mary has gone to New York.

(玛丽到纽约去了。) (玛丽人在去纽约的路上或在纽约)