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1. 阅读理解
When John was growing up, other kids felt
sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the
garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was
better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better
marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.
These are the findings of a 40year
study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed
that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives
than those who had not. "Boys who worked in the home or community gained
competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile
members of society, "said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. "And because they felt good about
themselves, others felt good about them."
Vaillant's study followed these
males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under
Vaillant, the researchers compared the men's mentalhealth
scores with their boyhood activity scores. Points were
awarded for parttime jobs, housework, effort in
school, and ability to deal with problems.
The link between what the men
had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp.
Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have
warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well
paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also
found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in
how the boys turned out.
Working—at any
age—is important. Childhood activities help a child
develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence—the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health.
They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common
goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work
isn't everything. As Tolstoy once said, "One can live magnificently in
this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one
loves and to love one's work."
（1）What do we know about John?
A . He enjoyed his career and marriage.
B . He had few childhood playmates.
C . He received little love from his family.
D . He was envied by others in his childhood.
（2）Vaillant's words in Paragraph 2 serve as ________.
A . a description of personal values and social values
B . an analysis of how work was related to competence
C . an example for parents' expectations of their children
D . an explanation why some boys grew into happy men
（3）Vaillant's team obtained their findings by ________.
A . recording the boys' effort in school
B . evaluating the men's mental health
C . comparing different sets of scores
D . measuring the men's problem solving ability
（4）What does the underlined word "sharp" probably mean in Paragraph 4?
A . Quick to react.
B . Having a thin edge.
C . Clear and definite.
D . Sudden and rapid.
