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War can be deadly for wildlife, too. A new
study reports that war is the biggest threat to Africa's elephants,
rhinoceroses, and other animals. Researchers examined how years of conflict in
Africa have affected populations of large animals. More than 70 percent of
Africa's protected wildlife areas have been within a war zone at some point in
the last 70 years. The more frequent the fighting, the greater the drop in
animal populations, said Josh Daskin, an ecologist at Yale University. He was
the lead author of the study, which was published Wednesday in the journal Nature.
It takes very little conflict,
as much as one conflict in about 20 years, for the average wildlife population
to be declining, Daskin said. "Areas with frequent fighting — but not
necessarily the bloodiest fighting—lose 35 percent of
their large animal populations during each year of war," he said.
Some animals get killed by
weapons of war. Yet, many also die because of changes in social and economic
conditions in an area as a result of war, said Rob Pringle. He is an ecologist
at Princeton University and the study's co-author. "People in and around
war zones are poor and hungrier. So they may begin to illegally hunt animals
for valuable tusks or hunt protected animals to eat," Pringle said.
"And during wartime, animal conservation programs do not have as much
money or power to protect wildlife."
The new study examined the
entire African continent over 65 years. The researchers looked at 10 different
factors that could change population numbers. They included war, drought,
animal size, protected areas and human population density. The number of wars
had the biggest effect on wildlife population. The intensity of the wars —
measured in the number of human deaths — had the least
effect on animals.
（1）Which is the most dangerous to Africa's animals?
A . Hunting.
B . Wars.
C . Drought.
D . Economy.
（2）What can we know about the animals in Africa?
A . More than 70 percent of animals live in a war zone.
B . Little conflict has no effect to animals' population.
C . The more frequent the fighting is, the fewer animals are.
D . 35 percent of animals in the world died each year because of war.
（3）Which one is NOT the reason why animals die in the war?
A . Being killed by the weapons.
B . Being killed by poor and hungry people.
C . The loss of their habitat.
D . Lack of money or power to protect them.
（4）Which one has the least influence on wildlife population?
A . The intensity of the wars.
B . Protected areas.
C . The number of wars.
D . Animal size.
