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1. 阅读理解
In 1953, a mountain climber reported seeing
a bar-headed goose soar over the peak of Mount Everest (珠穆朗玛). It
was thought impossible. Now researchers who raised 19 of the geese—named for the black stripes on the backs of their heads—have shown the birds really fly so high.
The team trained the youngsters
to fly in a large wind tunnel wearing backpacks and face masks full of sensors
that recorded their heart rate. blood oxygen levels, temperature, and metabolic
rate—how many
calories they burned per hour. The researchers simulated(模拟)10w-, medium-, and high-altitude conditions by altering the
concentration of oxygen supplied to face masks worn by each goose as it flew in
the tunnel.
Birds already have a better
heart and lungs than mammals for sustained physical activity. And researchers
knew that bar-headed geese have even larger, thinner lungs that let them
breathe more deeply and an even bigger heart to pump more oxygen to muscles
than other birds.
The wind tunnel experiments
showed that when the concentration of oxygen was at its lowest-like the 7%
found on top of Mount Everest versus 21% at sea level—the
geese's heart rate and frequency of wing beats remained the same even as their
metabolic rate dropped. Somehow, the birds managed to cool down their blood-the
measured blood temperature dropped so it could take in more oxygen, the
researchers report today in eLife.
This cooling likely helps compensate for the very thin air, the team says.
Although well trained, the
birds were only willing to stay in the air a few minutes-or less when wearing
their backpacks and flying at 6ihigh" altitudes. So it's not clear whether
these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes
to climb over Mount Everest. But those few minutes showed these geese really
could fly over the top of Mount Everest.
（1）Why did the researchers raise 19 bar-headed geese and train them?
A . To test the flying height and speed of them.
B . To confirm they could fly over Mount Everest.
C . To observe them flying through the wind tunnel.
D . To see how many calories they burned per hour.
（2）What can we learn from the wind tunnel experiment?
A . It was carried out at very high altitude.
B . The geese managed to breathe less when their blood decreased.
C . The geese could live through the lowest concentration of oxygen.
D . It shows the geese could fly at high altitude for long.
（3）What still puzzles scientists about the geese?
A . Whether they have super hearts and lungs.
B . Whether they have muscles pumped more oxygen to.
C . Whether they are willing to wear backpacks and face masks.
D . Whether they can manage to fly 8 hours to climb over Mount Everest.
（4）Where does the text most probably come from?
A . A science fiction.
B . A climbing guide.
C . A travel brochure.
D . A science report.
