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1. 阅读理解
Josh Katz works at the New York Times. His
common job is to use information to tell interesting stories. In December 2013,
Katz built a quiz on the Times website. It asked people about the words they
used to describe things and events. It also asked how they pronounced common
words. The quiz then used people's answers to decide where in the United States
they were from.
The quiz got more than 350, 000 results. Katz
turned the results into a book. In Speaking American, he studies regional
differences in how Americans talk.
"A lot of people's language shows who they are and where they
are from, in a very personal way", Katz said.
Katz says people are often surprised to learn
that the way they talk can show where they grew up. Most Americans don't realize
they use regionalisms --- or words and phrases specific to a particular part of
the country. But just about everyone does. Almost every major U.S. city has a
few unique terms. For example, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the night before
Halloween is known as Mischief Night. Anyone who calls it that is likely to be
connected to the city.
Katz himself was surprised by how many common
words are regional. "There are a lot of words I use that I just thought
were standard words," he says. "Then I found out some of these words
were actually a product of my upbringing."
For example, he says, "I thought everyone
said 'sneakers' (运动鞋) and not 'tennis shoes'."
But it turns out "sneakers" is connected mostly to the Northeast.
That's where Katz is from.
Some scholars think that
language in the U.S. is growing more homogeneous (同类的). But Katz disagrees. "These regional differences are here
to stay." he says.
Not only are people still using common
regionalisms, but there are new ones appearing all the time, according to Katz.
There's no way to predict how language will change in the future. But Katz sees
more changes coming. "The only sure thing about language is that it's
going to keep moving." he says.
（1）What's the purpose of the quiz?
A . To test people on common knowledge.
B . To find out what words are mostly used.
C . To help people learn about their hometown better.
D . To see whether people's language shows their backgrounds.
（2）How do most Americans look at their using regionalisms?
A . They are proud of it.
B . They do it unintentionally.
C . They find it quite interesting.
D . They have no idea why everybody does it.
（3）Why does Katz mention " sneakers" in the 6th paragraph?
A . Because it's different from "tennis shoes".
B . Because it's an example of a standard word.
C . Because his hometown is possibly the birthplace of it.
D . Because many common words come from a specific area.
（4）What is Katz's opinion on regional differences?
A . They will finally disappear in the future.
B . They have a bad influence on people's life.
C . They will remain a part of people's everyday life.
D . They prevent language from being homogeneous.
