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It is natural for species of animals to become
extinct over millions of years. But over the past 200 years, humans have caused
the process to speed up. In recent years, the total number of threatened animal
species has increased from 5205 to 5345. In most cases this is a result of
human activity. How are people speeding up the process of animal extinction?
First of all, people threaten the survival of
animal species by destroying their habitats. As the human population grows,
people keep building houses and factories in fields and woods. As they spread
over the land, they destroy animals' homes. If the animals can't find a place
to live, they die out. Sixteen kinds of Hawaiian birds have become extinct for
this reason.
Overhunting is another way that humans are
causing some animals to become extinct. In some parts of the world, the parts
of rare animals are worth a lot of money. For example, some people will pay
more than $3,000 for a single rhino horn. This encourages hunters to kill
rhinos even though the animal faces extinction.
Humans are also polluting the air, water and
soil. The effect of pollution on animal species can be complicated. For
example, when waste from factories is dumped into rivers, the rivers become
polluted. The fish that live in the rivers are poisoned, and the birds cannot
lay strong eggs. And some, such as brown pelicans, have become rare and may die
out.
Finally, when humans introduce new species
into certain environments, the animals that already live there become threatened
and face extinction. For example, when European settlers brought rabbits and
foxes to Australia, they killed off many native Australian animals, including
the bandicoots. Eventually, the rabbits took over the bandicoot habitats. Now
bandicoots are threatened with extinction in their own land.
