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1. 阅读理解
In 1905, as part of his special theory of
relativity, Albert Einstein published the point that a large amount of energy
could be released from a small amount of matter. This was expressed by equation
E=mc2 (energy equals mass times the speed of light squared). But
bombs were not what Einstein had in mind when he published this equation.
In 1929, he publicly declared that if a war
broke out he would "refuse to do war service, direct or indirect…"
His position would change in 1933, as the result of Adolf Hitler's coming into
power in Germany.
Einstein's greatest role in the invention of
the atom bomb was signing a letter to President Franklin Roosevelt urging that
the bomb be built because some physicists feared that Germany might be working
on an atom bomb. Among those concerned were physicists Leo Szilard and Eugene
Wigner. But Szilard and Wigner had no influence on those in power. So in July
1939 they explained the problem to someone who did: Albert Einstein. After
talking with Einstein, in August 1939 Szilard wrote a letter to President
Roosevelt with Einstein's signature on it, which was delivered to Roosevelt in
October 1939.
Germany had invaded Poland the previous month;
the time was ripe for action. That October the research of A-bomb began but
proceeded slowly because the invention of the atom bomb seemed distant and
unlikely. In April 1940 an Einstein letter, ghostwritten by Szilard, pressed
the researchers on the need for "greater speed".
As the realization of nuclear weapons grew near,
Einstein looked beyond the current war to future problems that such weapons
could bring. He wrote to his friend about his fear about the future use of the
A-bomb.
The atom bombings of Japan occurred three
months after Germany gave in.
In November 1954, five months before his
death, Einstein summarized his feelings about his role in the creation of the
atom bomb: "I made one great mistake in my life…when I signed a letter to
President Roosevelt recommending that atom bombs be made; but there was some
justification—the danger that the Germans would make them."
（1）What can we learn about Szilard and Wigner?
A . They were not as influential as Einstein.
B . They were responsible for the invention of nuclear weapons.
C . They had cheated their friend Albert Einstein.
D . They had an intention to destroy the world.
（2）Einstein realized his mistake of .
A . cooperating with his workmates
B . inventing the atom bomb
C . publishing his equation
D . signing the letter to President Roosevelt
（3）We can conclude that Einstein .
A . was important in the development of the atom bomb
B . was not involved in the invention of the atom bomb
C . directly participated in the invention of the atom bomb
D . helped with the invention of the atom bomb
（4）Why did Einstein suggest making atom bombs?
A . Because President Roosevelt asked to do so.
B . Because it was likely that Hitler would make them.
C . Because it was not in favour of President Roosevelt.
D . Because it was not necessary to do so.
