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1. 阅读理解
With the possible exception of equal rights,
perhaps the most controversial issue across the United States today is the
death penalty. Many argue that it is an effective deterrent (威慑) to murder, while others maintain there is no convincing evidence
that the death penalty reduces the number of murders.
The principal argument advanced by those
opposed to the death penalty, basically, is that it is cruel and inhuman
punishment, which is the mark of a brutal society, and finally that it is of
questionable effectiveness as a deterrent to crime anyway.
In our opinion, the death penalty is a
necessary evil. Throughout recorded history there have always been those
extreme individuals in every society who were capable of terribly violent
crimes such as murder. But some are more extreme than others.
For example, it is one thing to take the
life of another in a fit of blind rage, but quite another to coldly plot and
carry out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher. Thus,
murder, like all other crimes, is a matter of relative degree. While it could be
argued with some conviction that the criminal in the first instance should be
merely separated from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type
murderer.
The value of the death penalty as a
deterrent to crime may be open to debate. But the overwhelming majority of
citizens believe that the death penalty protects them. Their belief is
strengthened by evidence which shows that the death penalty deters murder. For
example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was consistently imposed in
California, the murder rate remained between three and four murders for each
100,000 population. Since 1964 the death penalty has been carried out only
once, and the murder rate has risen to 10.4 murders for each 100,000
population. The sharp climb in the state's murder rate, which began when
executions stopped, is no coincidence. It is convincing evidence that the death
penalty does deter many murderers. If the bill reestablishing the death penalty
is banned, innocent people will be murdered—some whose lives may have been
saved if the death penalty were in effect. This is literally a life or death
matter. The lives of thousands of innocent people must be protected.
（1）The principal purpose of this passage is to________.
A . speak for the majority
B . initiate a ban
C . criticize the government
D . argue for the value of the death penalty
（2）The author's response to those who urge the death penalty for all is likely to be________.
A . negative
B . friendly
C . supportive
D . neutral
（3）According to the Paragraph 4, it can be inferred that________.
A . the death penalty is the most controversial issue in the United States today
B . the ban of the bill reestablishing the death penalty is of little importance
C . the second type of murderers should be sentenced to death
D . the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime is not to be debated
（4）The passage attempts to establish a relationship between________.
A . the effects of execution and the effects of isolation
B . the murder rate and the imposition of the death penalty
C . the importance of equal rights and that of the death penalty
D . executions and murders
（5）The author's attitude towards "death penalty" is________.
A . opposing
B . supporting
C . neutral
D . not clear
