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1. 阅读理解
Scientists
Diego Kersting and Cristina Linares have found that some coral species are able
to recover from harmful warming events through a unique survival strategy (策略)—known as "rejuvenescence" (新生)—among corals in the Mediterranean
Sea. The findings represent some rare good news for corals around the world,
which are facing numerous severe threats—most notably, climate change.
"The
main threats are climate change, overfishing, pollution and coastal
urbanization," Kersting said. "But currently, climate change is
probably the one causing the most coral cover declines. Warming stresses corals
up to a point that may cause death. Some corals bleach (白化) before dying. Other corals do not
bleach but die directly." He went on, "Our findings are significant
because this survival strategy was only known from fossil corals that existed
hundreds of millions of years ago. It is the first time that it has been found
in a living coral. Thanks to our findings, we know now that some corals are
able to recover, but unfortunately this is not enough in the current climate
change context."
For
their research, Kersting and Linares monitored 243 colonies of the endangered
reef-building coral Cladocoracaespitosa in Spain's Columbretes Islands Marine
Reserve over 16 years, starting in 2002. The monitoring revealed that Cladocoracaespitosa in the Mediterranean
uses rejuvenescence to cope with warming events. This process involves the
polyps — or the individual coral animals in a colony—shrinking inward and abandoning
their skeletons (骨骼) during warm periods, before rejuvenating at a later point.
"What happens is that some polyps in a coral colony—sometimes just one—
reduces completely its dimensions and partially retreats from its
skeleton," Kersting said. "Once the stressful event is over, the
shrunken or rejuvenated polyp recovers its size and builds up a new skeleton.
Eventually, it begins to reproduce itself through budding and begins to cover
the dead colony surfaces."
He
continued, "The results were very surprising because I started to observe
colonies that were dead years ago, that were showing living parts many years
after their death."
（1）What is the greatest threat to corals now?
A . Overfishing.
B . Light pollution.
C . City growth.
D . Climate change.
（2）What can we learn about the survival strategy?
A . It is the cause of warming events.
B . It was found for the first time.
C . It will bring hope for the endangered corals.
D . It represents the evolution of the corals.
（3）What does paragraph3 mainly talk about?
A . How the extreme corals forms.
B . How the polyps survive their competitors.
C . How the research was conducted.
D . How the coral species manages to recover and regrow.
（4）What can best replace the underlined word "retreat" in paragraph3?
A . Withdraw.
B . Unfold.
C . Benefit.
D . Steal.
