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1. 阅读理解
The negative health effects of being
economical on sleep during the week can't be reversed by marathon weekend sleep
sessions, according to a new study.
Researchers have long known that routine
sleep lack can cause weight gain and increase other health risks, including
diabetes. But those who force themselves out of bed sleepy each weekday after
too few hours of shut-eyed, hope that shutting off the alarm on Saturday and
Sunday will repay the weekly sleep debt and compensate any ill effects.
The research, published in Current Biology,
crushes those hopes. Despite complete freedom to sleep in and nap during a
weekend recovery period, participants in a sleep laboratory who were limited to
five hours of sleep on weekdays gained nearly three pounds over two weeks and
experienced metabolic disruption (新陈代谢紊乱)that
would increase their risk for diabetes over the long term. While weekend
recovery sleep had some benefits after a single week of insufficient sleep,
those gains were wiped out when people plunged back into their same
sleep-deprived (剥夺) schedule the next Monday.
"If there are benefits of catch-up
sleep, they're gone when you go back to your routine. It's very
short-lived," said Kenneth Wright, director of the sleep and chronobiology
laboratory at the University of Colorado, who oversaw the work. "It's kind
of like smoking once was — people would smoke and wouldn't see an immediate
effect on their health, but people will say now that smoking is not a healthy
lifestyle choice. I think sleep is in the early stage of where smoking used to
be. ”
Michael Grandner, director of the sleep and
health research program said that the study reinforces the concept that people
need to stop thinking of sleep as a balance sheet. Imagine a person who ate
nothing but cheeseburgers and french-fries Monday through Friday, but dined
only on celery and kale on the weekend and tried to call that a healthy diet.
Hugely cutting calories all week and then eating a giant pizza on Saturday
wouldn't restore balance either.
（1）According to the passage what is the possible result of lack of sleep?
A . Weight loss in a long run.
B . Higher risks of diabetes.
C . Being too weak to marathon.
D . Dying a premature death.
（2）What does Wright want to show about catch-up sleep by mentioning smoking?
A . The influence is long-term.
B . The benefits are subtle.
C . The consequence is overlooked.
D . The immediate effects are obvious.
（3）Those who favor weekend recovery sleep are likely to believe that______.
A . junk food can be balanced by occasional healthy diets
B . cheeseburgers and french-fries are healthy diets
C . celery and kale are healthy if eaten on the weekend
D . Saturday pizzas are very helpful to gain weight
（4）The passage is intended to______.
A . deny a previous concept
B . introduce a new study
C . promote a healthy lifestyle
D . compare two studies
