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1. 阅读理解
For 63 percent of
Americans, coffee is one of their daily essentials. This number has been this
high since 2017, according to the National Coffee Association. The rise of
coffee is due to its numerous benefits like preventing DNA damage, but it works best if you do this
simple thing first: Eat.
"Drinking coffee on an
empty stomach, or early in the morning before you've had breakfast, can raise
the level of cortisol (皮质醇) in your body. From the
moment you open your eyes in the morning, your body starts releasing cortisol.
It's a hormone (激素) that's responsible for
ruling your immune response, metabolism (新陈代谢), and stress response,"
says Dr. Nikola Djordjevic, MD.
"If you pump your body
with caffeine(咖啡因) when your cortisol is at
its peak," Djordjevic says, "you'll be forcing your body to bear even
more stress." In a study that evaluated preference for caffeinated drinks
among medical students, it's shown that 25 percent of students drank coffee in
the morning on an empty stomach.
These students are at an
increased risk of mood changes and possible long-term effects on their health,
as explained in the study. "Drinking coffee on an empty stomach can
greatly encourage the acid in your stomach, producing a more acidic
environment," says Dr. Jamie Long, a licensed clinical psychologist. Thus,
a full stomach is important to control the amount of stomach acid produced.
Since coffee increases your
stomach acid, you're highly likely to experience heartburn and even develop
gastric ulcers (胃溃疡), Djordjevic says.
Clearly, drinking coffee on an empty stomach affects physical health. But it
does harm to mental health, too. The overproduction of acid in the stomach can
cause mood swings, nervousness, shaking and other withdrawal symptoms (症状). "And if you've already had the sign of experiencing
anxiety, you're even more possible to be attacked by the effects of coffee,"
says Long.
Base line: Know your limits
so you can fully experience what coffee can offer, because here's exactly what
happens to your body when you drink coffee daily.
（1）What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 1 refer to？
A . The coffee.
B . The DNA damage.
C . The stomach.
D . The National Coffee Association.
（2）What does the author tell us about coffee in Paragraph 2？
A . It can help to reduce our stress.
B . It will slow down our metabolism.
C . It might contain some kind of hormone.
D . It may increase the cortisol in our bodies.
（3）What do Dr. Nikola Djordjevic's words in Paragraph 3 imply?
A . Cortisol in the body is at a high level in the morning.
B . 75 percent of the medical students dislike coffee.
C . Medical students usually suffer more stress.
D . Most people drink coffee in the afternoon.
（4）According to Djordjevic and Long, the over- production of stomach acid can ______.
A . be good for our hearts
B . make us feel less hungry
C . relieve our nervousness and anxiety
D . harm our physical and mental health
（5）What can be the best title for this text?
A . Why so many Americans are coffee lovers.
B . What you can do to keep your stomach healthy.
C . Why you shouldn't drink coffee on an empty stomach.
D . How you can control the level of cortisol in your body.
