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1. 阅读理解
Do a country's people get happier as it gets richer? Most
governments seem to believe so, given their continuous focus on increasing GDP
year by year. Reliable, long-term evidence linking wealth and happiness is,
however, lacking. And measuring well-being is itself filled with problems,
since it often relies on surveys that ask participants to assess their own
levels of happiness subjectively.
Daniel Sgroi of the University of Warwick and Eugenio Proto
of the University of Glasgow, both in Britain, think, nevertheless, that they
have an answer.
By examining millions of books and newspaper articles
published since 1820 in four countries (America, Britain, Germany and Italy),
they have developed what they hope is an objective measure of each place's
historical happiness. And their answer is that wealth does bring happiness, but
some other things bring more of it.
In Britain, for example, happiness fell sharply during the
two world wars. It began to rise again after 1945, peaked in 1950, and then
fell gradually, including through the so-called Swinging Sixties, until it
reached a nadir around 1980.
America's national happiness, too, fell during the world
wars. It also fell in the 1860s, during and after the country's civil war. The
lowest point of all came in 1975, at the end of a long decline during the
Vietnam war, with the fall of Saigon and America's humiliating defeat.
Overall, then, Dr Sgroi and Dr Proto found that happiness
does vary with GDP. But the effect of health and life expectancy is larger,
even when the tendency of wealth to improve health is taken into account.
A one — year increase in longevity, for example, has the
same effect on national happiness as a 4.3% increase in GDP. And, as the grand
historical sweep suggests, it is warfare that causes the biggest drops in
happiness.
On average it takes a 30% increase in GDP to raise
happiness by the amount that a year of war causes it to fall. The upshot
appears to be that, while increasing national income is important to happiness,
it is not as important as ensuring the population is healthy and avoiding
conflict.
（1）According to the passage, why do most governments continuously focus on increasing GDP year by year?
A . To increase its people's wealth.
B . To strengthen its people's health.
C . To improve its people's happiness.
D . To improve its overall national strength.
（2）What do Daniel and Eugenio probably agree?
A . Warfare has no effect on happiness.
B . Happiness has nothing to do with GDP.
C . GDP is the most important factor in improving people's happiness.
D . Health and life expectancy bring more happiness than GDP does.
（3）From the passage we can know that ________.
A . Happiness rose to the top in Britain around 1980.
B . America's national happiness fell to the bottom in 1975.
C . A one — year increase in longevity has the same effect as GDP on happiness.
D . The fall of happiness caused by war takes a 30% increase in GDP to raise.
（4）What's the best title for the text?
A . What on earth can bring people's happiness?
B . Why wealth can't bring people's happiness?
C . What effect can war have on people's happiness?
D . Why health can bring happiness to people?
