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1. For each blank in the following passage there
are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the
word or phrase that best fits the context.
After my
public lectures on evolution, someone in the audience asks, "Are we still
evolving?" People want to know if humans are getting taller, smarter,
better looking or more athletic. My answer is truthful but 1:
We're almost certainly evolving, but we don't know in what 2 or how fast.
We've seen
some evolution in our species over the past few millennia, but it was detected
by reconstructing history from DNA sequences. For example, we know that during
the past 10,000 years, several populations of humans — those keeping sheep, cows or goats for milk— gained the ability to digest dairy products. This quality was 3 in our earlier ancestors who, after babyhood,
never encountered milk. And in the past 3,000 years, Tibetans have acquired 4 adaptations that allowed them to develop well
in their high-altitude, low-oxygen home. But these well-documented changes are
limited to particular populations, so the 5 for recent evolution of our entire species,
remains not much.
The
authors of "Evolving Ourselves" 6.
Not only, they claim, are we evolving faster than ever, but we're doing it to
ourselves. Juan Enriquez and Steve Gullans argue that humans have 7 evolution —
not just in our own species but virtually in all species: "For better or
worse, we are increasingly in charge. We are the primary drivers of 8.
We will directly and indirectly determine what lives, what dies, where, and
when. We are in a different phase of evolution: the future of life is now 9."
According
to the authors, we've replaced natural selection with what they call "10selection."
Overfishing, for example, has reduced the average size of many fish species,
for taking the biggest fishes is 11 those smaller fishes.
Yet while
there's no doubt that we're changing the planet, the claim that we're
completely changing evolution on the planet 12.
Let's take those fish that are evolving to reproduce smaller and younger for
example. This 13 has been documented in many species that we
eat, but this is just a minuscule fraction (极小的一部分) of the 30,000 known species of fish.
The
authors speak with 14 assurance about how our species is evolving in
response to nearly everything. When they claim, for example, our ingestion (摄取) of drugs and exposure to chemicals mean that
"our children's brains are evolving fast," they are abusing (滥用) the word "15." Our children's brains may be
changing fast in response to the new pharmacological (药理学的) environment, but change alone is not evolution.
（1）
A .
instructive
B .
disappointing
C .
decisive
D .
conflicting
（2）
A .
direction
B .
region
C .
frequency
D .
condition
（3）
A .
beneficial
B .
adaptable
C .
unique
D .
useless
（4）
A .
unproved
B .
changeable
C .
genetic
D .
mysterious
（5）
A .
study
B .
evidence
C .
interest
D .
implication
（6）
A .
disagree
B .
support
C .
follow
D .
approve
（7）
A .
delayed
B .
overdone
C .
neglected
D .
controlled
（8）
A .
unbalance
B .
disaster
C .
change
D .
disturbance
（9）
A .
in our hands
B .
out of order
C .
in peace
D .
out of control
（10）
A .
destructive
B .
unnatural
C .
adventurous
D .
emotional
（11）
A .
by means of
B .
at the cost of
C .
in favor of
D .
for the protection of
（12）
A .
makes no sense
B .
makes great impression
C .
calls attention
D .
comes to an end
（13）
A .
problem
B .
mistake
C .
phenomenon
D .
obstacle
（14）
A .
strong
B .
baseless
C .
sensitive
D .
persuasive
（15）
A .
environment
B .
technology
C .
exposure
D .
evolution
