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Rescue workers had
collected 820 birds from the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, the majority of them
already dead. The current spill promises to be the largest in US history, and
as cleanup efforts stretch across the summer, it's clear that more oiled birds
will be found, stuck and suffering in the black stick liquid. And as they do
with every oil spill, rescue workers will go to great lengths to capture and
clean the survivors hoping to restore them to their natural habitat.
Is it worth the effort?
Some scientists aren't so sure. Because the stress of being captured and bathed
is as significant as the horror of being immersed in oil, and because research
suggests that many rescued birds die shortly after being released, some experts
say euthanasia (安乐死) is a more humane option.
Clean bird feathers repel
water (防水) and regulate body
temperature while dirty ones don't. Oil in particular makes feathers heavier
and decreases their ability to trap air, which in turn makes birds weak and
become easier to drowning, overheating and organ damage. Of course, being
captured and cleaned is no picnic either. Some birds wind up returning to their
destroyed habitats only to fall victim to the oil again. And those who manage
to avoid a second oil bath suffer dramatically shortened life spans (跨度) and lower reproductive success. Of the thousands of birds that
were rescued from the Prestige oil spill off the coast of Spain in 2002, only
600 were released into the wild; most of the rest died after just a few days in
captivity.
However, bird rescuers say
they have learned a lot about how to best help oil-soaked birds, and that
therefore, survival rates stand to increase this time around. In the past,
birds were cleaned right away, and volunteers often worked through the night
bathing rescued birds. But now, captured birds are left to rest for a day or
two before being cleaned, and only washed during the day, so as not to disrupt
their circadian (生理的) rhythms. But part of that
increase may be due to greater selectivity on the part of rescuers. The workers
do blood tests right in the field now and birds that are loaded with
hydrocarbons (碳氢化合物) or don't look like they're
going to make it are put down right away, rather than subjected to the stress
of captivity and cleaning.
And so far, while release rates may be
improving, there is little evidence of better medium or long-term survival,
especially for the more-difficult-to-save species. There still aren't good
protocols (协议) for repairing the
internal organ damage. Anyway, rescue efforts will continue in large part
because the public demands that. Euthanasia is a difficult thing to do,
especially for people who have built their lives around saving animals.
（1）Why do some scientists doubt the effort to rescue oiled birds?
A . Because it has cost too much time and money.
B . Because human may be infected with the bird virus.
C . Because it is torture followed by death to birds.
D . Because migrant birds may broaden the pollution.
（2）The case of Spain coast spill is mentioned to indicate ________.
A . thousands of birds were polluted by oil
B . the survival rate of oiled birds was very low
C . the efforts to rescue oiled birds were ineffective
D . captivity is an impractical method to rescue binds
（3）Why do the survival rates of oiled birds increase?
A . Oiled birds are kept in warm water for one or two days
B . The second cleaning of the oiled birds in daytime is not permitted
C . The rescuers often select the birds that are likely to survive
D . Hydrocarbons are removed to rescue the oiled birds
（4）Why does oiled birds' rescue remain a controversial problem?
A . Oiled birds' internal organ damage is permanent.
B . Euthanasia is a difficult and heart-aching operation.
C . The more-difficult-to-save species will die by cleaning.
D . The rescue is oiled birds' suffering while seeing them die is cruel.
