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1. 阅读理解
Rich countries are racing to dematerialise
payments. They need to do more to prepare for the side-effects.
For the past 3,000 years, when
people thought of money they thought of cash. Over the past decade, however,
digital payments have taken off— tapping your plastic on a terminal or swiping a
smartphone has become normal. Now this revolution is about to turn cash into an
endangered species in some rich economies. That will make the economy more
efficient—but it also causes new problems that could
hold back the transition(转型).
Countries are removing cash at
varying speeds. In Sweden the number of retail cash transaction per person has
fallen by 80% in the past ten years. America is perhaps a decade behind.
Outside the rich world, cash is still king. But even there its leading role is
being challenged. In China digital payments rose from 4% of all payments in
2012 to 34% in 2017.
Cash is dying out because of
two forces. One is demand— younger consumers want payment systems that plug
easily into their digital lives. But equally important is that suppliers such
as banks and tech firms (in developed markets) and telecoms companies (in
emerging ones) are developing fast, easy-to-use payment technologies from which
they can pull data and pocket fees. There is a high cost to running the
infrastructure behind the cash economy—ATMs, vans
carrying notes, tellers who accept coins. Most financial firms are keen to
abandon it, or discourage old-fashioned customers with heavy fees.
In the main, the prospect of a
cashless economy is excellent news. Cash is inefficient. When payments
dematerialise, people and shops are less open to theft. It also creates a
credit history, helping consumers borrow.
Yet set against these benefits
are a couple of worries. Electronic payment systems may risk technical
failures, power failure and cyber-attacks. In a cashless economy the poor, the
elderly and country folk may be left behind. And a digital system could let
governments watch over people's shopping habits and private multinationals
exploit their personal data.
（1）Some rich countries are trying to .
A . dematerialize money
B . get rid of the side-effects of cash
C . make the economy more efficient by protecting endangered species
D . promote payment without paper money or coins
（2）In paragraph 3, several countries are mentioned to show .
A . the differences between developed and developing countries
B . that cash is still king across the world
C . digital payments are becoming a trend that cannot be stopped
D . China is developing faster that those developed countries in digital payment
（3）Cash is disappearing largely because .
A . younger consumers are short of money to live their digital lives
B . suppliers are trying to reduce costs and obtain money and data
C . the infrastructure is developing at a high speed in developed markets
D . financial firms want to abandon old-fashioned customers
（4）The author's attitude towards digitalized payment is .
A . favorable
B . negative
C . objective
D . indifferent
