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14．Benjamin Franklin's inventions reveal a man of many talents and interests．His natural curiosity about things and the way they work made him try to find ways to make them work better．
Ben had poor vision and needed glasses to read．He got tired of constantly taking them off and putting them back on，so he decided to figure out how his glasses let him see both near and far．He had two pairs of glasses cut in half and put half of each hens（镜片）in a single frame．Today，we call them bifocals（双光眼镜）．
Everyone knows the story of Ben's famous kite flight．Although he made important discoveries and advancements，Ben did not"invent"the electricity．He did，however，invent the lighting rod which protects buildings and ships from lighting．
In colonial America，most people warmed their homes by building a fire in a fireplace even though it was dangerous and used a lot of wood．Ben figured that there had to be a better way．His invention of an iron furnace stove allowed people to warm their homes less dangerously and with less wood．The furnace stove that he invented is called the Franklin Stove．Interestingly enough，Ben also established the first fire company and the first fire insurance company in order to help people live more safely．
As a postmaster，Ben had to figure out routes for delivering the mail．He went out riding in his carriage to measure the routes and needed a way to keep track of the distance．He invented a simple odometer and attached it to his carriage．
Later，other famous inventors，like Thomas Alva Edison and Alexander Graham Bell，followed in Ben's footsteps by trying to find ways to help people live better．
46．What do we know about the Franklin Stove？C
A．It is made of iron and easy to carry．
B．It is much smaller than the traditional stove．
C．It is much safer and can save wood．
D．It reaches the requirements of the fire company．
47．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？D
A．Franklin invented the bifocals because of his poor vision．
B．Franklin invented the odometer to make his riding easier．
C．Franklin first invented the electricity and then the lighting rod．
D．Franklin invented the odometer when he worked in a post office．
48．What characteristic did Franklin，Edison and Bell have in common？A
A．They had a strong desire to make life better．
B．They were excellent students at school．
C．They were born in the same age．
D．They made people's life simple
49．What would be the best title for this passage？C
A．The life of Benjamin Franklin
B．A great man
C．Benjamin Franklin，a great inventor
D．How to help people live better． 试题答案
分析 本文是一篇科教类阅读，文章主要在介绍本杰明．富兰克林这位伟大的发明家．
解答 46-49 CDAC
46题答案：C考查细节推理，根据文章第四段的His invention of an iron furnace stove allowed people to warm their homes less dangerously and with less wood．（他的铁熔炉发明使人们暖和他们的家---更加安全而且更少使用木材．）可知本题答案为C选项．
47题答案：D考查细节推理，根据文章倒数第二段的As a postmaster…He invented a simple odometer and attached it to his carriage．作为邮政局长…他发明了一种简单的里程器并且将它附在他的马车上．可知富兰克林是在邮局工作时发明的里程计，故本题答案为D选项．
48题答案：A考查细节推理，根据文章最后一段的Later，other famous inventors，like Thomas Alva Edison and Alexander Graham Bell，followed in Ben's footsteps by trying to find ways to help people live better．后来诸如爱迪生、贝尔这样的著名发明家也追随富兰克林的脚步---通过努力找到方法来使人们的生活更好．可知本题答案为A选项．
49题答案：C考查细节推理，文章主要在介绍本杰明．富兰克林这位伟大的发明家的一些发明；故本题答案为C选项．
点评 本文是一篇科教类阅读，题目涉及多道细节理解题，做题时结合原文和题目有针对 性找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确的答案．
Over the years, many cities and states have tried to put a tax(税) on sugary drinks. Last week, Berkeley, California succeeded. The city in northern California will charge a penny-per-ounce tax on most sugary drinks. The tax is expected to raise more than ＄1 million every year to fight against obesity(肥胖).
Makers of sugary drinks are against the tax. They say picking out one product will not solve the obesity problem in America. They also argue that a tax is an attack on personal freedom. “Families should be able to make the choice for their kids without the government stepping in,” said Chris Gindlesperger, a spokesperson for the American Beverage Association(美国饮料协会).
Gindlesperger says that the fight against obesity is more successful when the government partners with industry. He shows how the beverage industry worked with President Bill Clinton’s administration is the 1990s. They introduced water, milk, and fruit juice into a large number of schools, which took the place of sugary drinks. More recently, the beverage industry listened to First Lady Michelle Obama’s suggestion that labels(标签)on sugary drinks be clearer. Containers of up to 20 ounces will show the total calories on the front.
Some people say a tax is a surefire way to help reduce obesity in the U.S. “There is clear evidence that taxes result in less consumption(消费) of sugary drinks,” says Dr. Rachel Johnson, a spokesperson for the American Heart Association. She points to Mexico as an example. The country put up a tax on sugary drinks in January, and sales have already dropped by 10%. What’s more, sales of healthier drinks have increased. Bottled water sales are up by 13%. Milk sales are up by 7%.
Another purpose of the tax is to raise money to fight childhood obesity. Money will be used to build playgrounds, create educational materials, and increase the sales of the healthier foods. “We’ve already helped reduce obesity to some degree,” says Dr. Johnson. “I’m confident that we’re going to see even bigger progress soon.”
1.In the 1990s, sugary drinks in many schools _________.
A．were charged a penny-per-ounce tax
B．were not as popular as they are today
C．were replaced by water, milk, and fruit juice
D．were not more than 20 ounces per bottle
2.The underlined word “surefire” in Paragraph 4 can best be replaced by “_________”.
A．good B．stupid C．strange D．new
3.Why does Johnson talk about Mexico?
A．It is her favorite country.
B．She likes Mexican sugary drinks.
C．She tries to show a tax can help a lot.
D．It produces all kinds of sugary drinks.
4.What is the purpose of this text?
A．To ask kids to drink fewer sugary drinks.
B．To show how to fight childhood obesity.
C．To talk about different taxes in Berkeley.
D．To discuss if sugary drinks should be taxed.
