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1、掌上周报英语周报答案八年级62期20212022
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Does money buy happiness? Not! Ah, but would a little more money make us a little happier? Many of us smirk(傻笑，假笑) and nod. There is, we believe, some connection between financial fitness and emotional fulfillment. Three in four American college students—nearly double the 1970 proportion— now consider it “very important” or “essential” that they become “very well off financially”. Money matters.
But a surprising fact of life is that in countries where nearly everyone can afford life’s necessities, increasing wealth matters surprisingly little. The connection between income and happiness is “surprisingly weak,” observed University of Michigan researcher Ronald Inglehart in one 16-nation study of 170,000 people. Once comfortable, more money provides diminishing returns(报酬递减). The second piece of pie, or the second $100,000, never tastes as good as the first. Even lottery winners and the Forbes’ 100 wealthiest Americans surveyed by University of Illinois psychologist Ed Diener have expressed only slightly greater happiness than the average American. Making it big brings temporary joy. But in the long run wealth is like health: its complete absence can create suffering, but having it doesn’t guarantee happiness. Happiness seems less a matter of getting what we want than of wanting what we have.
Has our happiness, however, floated upward with the rising economic tide? Are we happier today than in 1940s, when two out of five homes lacked a shower or tub? Actually, we are not. Since 1957, the number of Americans who say they are “very happy” has declined from 35 to 32 percent. Meanwhile, the divorce rate has doubled, the teen suicide(自杀) rate has increased nearly three times, the violent crime rate has gone up nearly four times, and depression has mushroomed. Economic growth has provided no boost to human morale. When it comes to psychological well being, it is not the economy.
I call this soaring wealth and shrinking spirit “the American paradox.” More than ever, we have big houses and broken homes, high incomes and low confidence, secured rights and reduced civility. We are good at making a living but often fail at making a life. We celebrate our prosperity(繁荣) but long for a purpose. We treasure our freedoms but long for connection. In an age of plenty, we feel spiritual hunger.
1. Which of the following statements best expresses the author’s view?
A. The more money we earn, the less returns we have.
B. The more money we earn, the happier we would be.
C. In the long run, money cannot guarantee happiness.
D. In the long run, happiness grows with economy.
2.“The second $100,000 never tastes as good as the first” because _____.
A. it is not so fresh as the first $100,000
B. it is not so important as the first $100,000
C. profit brought by it is less than that from the first $100,000
D. happiness brought by it is less than that from the first $100,000
3.According to the passage, people do well in making a living but don’t _____.
A. have any primary aim B. know how to spend money
C. know how to enjoy life D. keep in touch with other people
4.The things that happened after 1957 are given to show that _____.
A. people’s spiritual needs cannot be fulfilled by wealth
B. family problems become more and more serious
C. young people are not happy about their life
D. social crimes have increased significantly
试题答案
1.C
2.D
3.C
4.A
【解析】
1.主旨题。本文论述的就是财富的增长和幸福感的增加不是成正比的，从长期角度来看，财富并不能保证幸福。But in the long run wealth is like health: its complete absence can create suffering, but having it doesn’t guarantee happiness.
2.细节题。根据第二段中对美国一些富豪的调查说明only slightly greater happiness than the average American.
3.细节题。根据此句可知We are good at making a living but often fail at making a life.
4.推理题。文章第三段提到1957年后人们的幸福感并没有增加，而是离婚率、自杀率、犯罪率的升高。
When different species of birds flock (聚集) together, their flight formations are determined by social dynamics both between and within species.
New research from the Universities of Cambridge and Exeter reveals for the first time that, contrary to current models used to explain the movement of flocks, the differences between bird species and social relationships between individuals play a critical role in determining the dynamics of mixed-species flocks.
The unified(群集) behaviour of bird flocks has puzzled scientists for hundreds of years. One naturalist from the turn of the century even suggested telepathy(心灵感应)may be involved. There have since been more logical explanations, including mathematical models that show that repeated interactions among individuals following simple rules can generate coordinated (协同的)group movements. However, these models usually rely on the assumption that individuals within groups are identical and interact independently, which may not reflect reality.
Jolle Jolles, a PhD student at the University of Cambridge's Department of Zoology and author of the paper, said：“Spectacular collective behaviour can be found in a large range of animal species, and we now know that often these complex coordinated group movements may be the result of individuals following simple rules. However, rarely are the individual characteristics and social relationships within them taken into account. Our research highlights that these striking displays of group behaviour are much more complex.”
By analysing high-resolution photographs of mixed flocks of rooks and jackdaws (both from the corvid family), the researchers found that rather than individuals interacting in a consistent fashion throughout the flock, interactions depended on social dynamics between the different species as well as relationships within a species.
The researchers discovered that birds prefer to fly close to members of their own species, and that the larger and more dominant rooks take the lead by flying near the front of flocks. Additionally, the lifelong, monogamous(一妻一夫制的)pair bonds that are characteristic of both species seem to be reflected in flight, as birds often fly particularly close to a single, same-species partner.
Dr Alex Thornton, principal investigator of the Cambridge Jackdaw Project, now at the University of Exeter and author of the paper, said: “Together, our findings demonstrate that to understand the structure of groups — such as bird flocks — we need to consider the characteristics and relationships of the individuals within them.”
1.The underlined word “generate” means ______.
A. set down B. take away
C. bring about D. give up
2.According to Jolle Jolles, what are seldom considered about coordinated group movement?
A. Individual characteristics and social relationship between them
B. Repeated interactions among individuals and social dynamics
C. Telepathy and social relationship between them
D. The structure of groups and the varieties of species
3.Birds may prefer to fly the closest to _____ .
A. the largest one B. the most dynamic one
C. the lifelong partner D. the friendly partner
4.What is the main idea of the passage?
A. How birds interact in simple rules.
B. How birds of different feathers flock together.
C. Why birds show preference to flocking.
D. Why birds display the characteristics.
试题答案
1.C
2.A
3.C
4.B
【解析】
试题分析: 本文是科普类阅读，讲述不同种类的鸟是如何结队而行的，他们之间的关系由彼此之间的物种和内部形态决定的。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第三段提到There have since been more logical explanations, including mathematical models that show that repeated interactions among individuals following simple rules can generate coordinated (协同的)group movements.已经有更多的逻辑的解释，包括一些数据模型可以表明个体之间重复性的相互作用能够产生协同的团队行动，故选C项。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第四段提到However, rarely are the individual characteristics and social relationships within them taken into account可知选A项。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第五段提到The researchers discovered that birds prefer to fly close to members of their own species, and that the larger and more dominant rooks take the lead by flying near the front of flocks.可知选C项。
4.B 主旨大意。本文主要讲述不同各类的鸟是如何结队而行的，故选B项。
考点：科普类阅读。
