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You may not pay much attention to your daily elevator ride.Many of us use a lift several times during the day without really thinking about it .But Lee Gray,PhD,of the University of North Carolina,US,has made it his business to examine this overlooked form of public transport.He is known as the “Elevator Guy”.
“The lift becomes this interesting social space where etiquette(礼仪)is sort of odd(奇怪的),”Gray told the BBC.“They [elevators] are socially very interesting but often very awkward places”.
We walk in and usually turn around to face the door. If someone else comes in,we may have to move.And here ,according to Gray, liftusers unthinkingly go through a set pattern of movements . He told the BBC what he had observed.
He explained that when you are the only one inside a lift, you can do whatever you want – it’s your own little box.
If there are two of you, you go into different corners, standing diagonally (对角线地) across from each other to create distance.
When a third person enters, you will unconsciously form a triangle. And when there is a fourth person it becomes a square, with someone in every corner. A fifth person is probably going to have to stand in the middle.
New entrants to the lift will need to size up the situation when the doors slide open and then act decisively. Once in, for most people the rule is simple – look down, or look at your phone.
Why are we so awkward in lifts?
“You don’t have enough space,” Professor Babette Renneberg, a clinical psychologist at the Free University of Berlin, told the BBC. “Usually when we meet other people we have about an arm’s length of distance between us. And that’s not possible in most elevators.”
In such a small, enclosed space it becomes very important to act in a way that cannot be construed (理解) as threatening or odd. “The easiest way to do this is to avoid eye contact,” she said.
1.The main purpose of the article is to _____.
A. remind us to enjoy ourselves in the elevator
B. tell us some unwritten rules of elevator etiquette
C. share an interesting but awkward elevator ride
D. analyze what makes people feel awkward in an elevator
2.According to Gray, when people enter an elevator, they usually _____.
A. turn around and greet one another
B. look around or examine their phone
C. make eye contact with those in the elevator
D. try to keep a distance from other people
3.Which of the following describes how people usually stand when there are at least two people in an elevator?
4.The underlined phrase “size up” in Paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. judge B. ignore C. put up with D. make the best of
5.According to the article, people feel awkward in lifts because of _____.
A. someone’s odd behaviors
B. the lack of space
C. their unfamiliarity with one another
D. their eye contact with one another
试题答案
1.B
2.D
3.C
4.A
5.B
【解析】
试题分析：本文作者叙述了乘坐电梯的人的礼仪，由于电梯的空间小，人们进去之后如果有两个人就各自站一个角，如果有三个人人们往往就站成对角线，如果是四个人他们就站在四个角，五个人时那个人就站在中间，彼此之间都常常保持一定的距离，避免眼的接触，有的人向下看或者玩弄手机
1.B意图题。根据The lift becomes this interesting social space where etiquette (礼仪) is sort of odd (奇怪的),” Gray told the BBC. “They [elevators] are socially very interesting but often very awkward places.及短文的大意可知告诉我们一些电梯不成文的礼仪，故选B。
2.D细节理解题。根据If there are two of you, you go into different corners, standing diagonally (对角线地) across from each other to create distance.试图彼此之间要保持一定的距离，故选D。
3.C细节理解题。根据when there is a fourth person it becomes a square, with someone in every corner. 当有四个人在电梯中的时候经常这四个人各站一个角，故选C
4.A词义猜测题。根据when the doors slide open and then act decisively需要及时判断情况找好自己的位置，故选A
5.B细节理解题。根据Why are we so awkward in lifts? “You don’t have enough space,” 因为没有足够的空间，故选B
考点：社会现象类阅读。
Unlike chemists and physicists, who usually do their experiments using machines, biologists and medical researchers have to use living things like rats. But there are three Nobel prize-winning scientists who actually chose to experiment on themselves – all in the name of science, reported The Telegraph.
1. Werner Forssmann (Nobel prize winner in 1956)
Forssmann was a German scientist. He studied how to put a pipe inside the heart to measure the pressure inside and decide whether a patient needs surgery.
Experiments had been done on horses before, so he wanted to try with human patients. But it was not permitted because the experiment was considered too dangerous.
Not giving up, Forssmann decided to experiment on himself. He anaesthetized (麻醉) his own arm and made a cut, putting the pipe 30 centimeters into his vein. He then climbed two floors to the X-ray room before pushing the pipe all the way into his heart.
2. Barry Marshall (Nobel prize winner in 2005)
Most doctors in the mid-20th century believed that gastritis was down to stress, spicy food or an unusually large amount of stomach acid. But in 1979 an Australian scientist named Robin Warren found that the disease might be related to a bacteria called Helicobacter pylori.
So he teamed up with his colleague, Barry Marshall, to continue the study. When their request to experiment on patients was denied, Marshall bravely drank some of the bacteria. Five days later, he lost his appetite and soon was vomiting each morning – he indeed had gastritis.
3. Ralph Steinman (Nobel prize winner in 2011)
This Canadian scientist discovered a new type of immune system cell called the dendritic cell. He believed that it had the ability to fight against cancer.
Steinman knew he couldn’t yet use his method to treat patients. So in 2007, when doctors told him that he had cancer and that it was unlikely for him to live longer than a year, he saw an opportunity.
With the help of his colleagues, he gave himself three different vaccines based on his research and a total of eight experimental therapies. Even though Steinman eventually died from his cancer, he lived four and a half years, much longer than doctors had said he would.
1.What’s the main purpose of the article?
A. To introduce a few Nobel prize winners who did experiments on themselves.
B. To list difficulties that scientists went through in order to make important discoveries.
C. To explain why some scientists chose to experiment on themselves.
D. To introduce some dangerous experiments that Nobel prize winners did on themselves.
2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the article?
A. Forssmann’s experiment ended in failure.
B. Forssmann had the pipe pushed all the way into his heart.
C. Barry Marshall succeeded by drinking some Helicobacter pylori.
D. Barry Marshall’s experiment on himself confirmed that most doctors’ belief about gastritis
was correct.
3.The underlined word “gastritis” in Paragraph 5 probably means ______.
A. a kind of bacteria
B. a kind of stomach disease
C. a new type of therapy
D. a large amount of stomach acid
4.From the text, we can conclude that Ralph Steinman ______.
A. discovered a new type of cancer cell called the dendritic cell
B. tried different therapies containing the dendritic cell on himself
C. had his request to experiment on patients denied
D. believed that he was better than doctors at treating cancer
试题答案
1.A
2.C
3.B
4.B
【解析】
试题分析：不同于化学家和物理学家使用仪器进行试验，生物学家、医学专家使用像老鼠一样的生物进行试验。但是，有三个获得过诺贝尔奖的科学家，他们是用自己的身体进行试验的。
1.But there are three Nobel prize-winning scientists who actually chose to experiment on themselves”和文中的小标题可知，文章主要介绍了三个以自己作为研究对象的获得诺贝尔奖的科学家，故选A。
2.Marshall bravely drank some of the bacteria.”可知，Barry Marshall亲自喝下了幽门螺杆菌，故选C。
3.the disease might be related to a bacteria called Helicobacter pylori”可知，划线词指的是一种疾病，故选B。
4.With the help of his colleagues, he gave himself three different vaccines based on his research and a total of eight experimental therapies.”可知，Ralph Steinman给自己注射过三次基于他的研究的不同的疫苗，进行了八次实验性治疗，故选B。
考点：科学类短文阅读
